HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF UTERINE LEIOMYOMA VARIANTS – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

To study the histomorphological spectrum of uterine leiomyoma variants. This study is done over a period of three year (May 2019 to May 2022) in the Department of Pathology, LNMC, Bhopal. Total of 316 hysterectomy and 14 myomectomy specimens were studied. Specimens were fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded. H&E stained tissue sections were studied. In the study we performed retrospective analysis of hysterectomy and myomectomy specimen and 330 cases of leiomyoma were evaluated. Among 330 cases, 316(95.75%) were hysterectomy specimen for varying indication and 14(4.24%) were myomectomy specimen. Histologically the usual leiomyomas was comprising of 164(49.69%) cases followed by hyalinised leiomyoma 70(21.21%), myxoid leiomyoma 15(4.54%), hydropic change 12(3.63%), cellular 11(3.33%), lipoleiomyoma 10(3.03%), calcification 10(3.03%), infarct type necrosis 10(3.03%), mitotically active 8(2.42%), symplastic 7 (2.12%), schwanonian 6(1.81%), epithelioid 3(0.90%), dissecting leiomyoma 2 (0.60%) and stromal metaplasia (osseous and cartilaginous) 2(0.60%). Leiomyoma is the commonest benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus with a number of histological variants. In this study conventional leiomyoma being the commonest variant followed by hyalinized leiomyoma, myxoid leiomyoma, hydropic leiomyoma and lipoleiomyoma. It is important to categorise various types of leiomyoma on histology to avoid misdiagnosis.

ACCESSORY BREAST TISSUE WITH COEXISTENT ADNEXAL TUMOR IN MALE – RARE CASE

Accessory breast tissue occurs due to failure of resolution of embryonic mammary ridges present from axilla to groin bilaterally. It may be functional or non-functional. This condition is more commonly seen in the females and very few cases have been reported in males. Development of ectopic breast tissue is dependent on hormonal stimulation similar to normal breast.It remains asymptomatic usually and increases in size after a hormonal stimulation at the time or after puberty. Majority of the occurrences are completely benign, but this condition also has the potential to convert into a malignant lesion. Apocrine hidrocystoma is regarded as cystic retention and adenomatous proliferation of apocrine sweat glands. It commonly occurs on the head & neck, but can infrequently be present in other locations like axilla, vulva, penis. This is the report of case of apocrine hidrocystoma with accessory breast tissue in a 30 year old male presented with left axillary swelling. Cytomorphological assessment revealed benign epithelial lesion and a diagnosis was established only after a histopathological examination. It emphasises the role of histopathology in diagnosis of axillary breast lesions

HISTOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF NON-NEOPLASTIC LESIONS IN THE LUNG-A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY DONE ON LOBECTOMY SPECIMENS

To study the histolopathological spectrum of non-neoplastic lesions of lung and to evaluate in relation to age, gender and clinico-radiological findings. This study is done over a period of 1 year (Nov 2020 to Nov 2021) in the Department of Pathology, LNMC, Bhopal. Total of 33 lobectomy specimens were studied. Specimens were fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded H&E-stained tissue sections were studied. Special stains (Gomorri's methenamine silver stain and Periodic acid Schiff stain) were done where ever required. Non-neoplastic lesions from 3 (9.09%) women and 30 (90.90%) men, with a median age of 43.86 (Interquartile range: 23-60 years) were collected. Fibrotic interstitial changes comprised the most common category of histologic findings, noted in 20 (60.6%) patients. Most cases consisted of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (30.30%), followed by smoking related interstitial fibrosis/SRIF (desquamative interstitial pneumonia like patterns and respiratory bronchiolitis like pattern) (12.12%), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (9.09%) and patterns of “undefined” fibrosis (6.06%) such as peribronchial fibrosis, organizing pneumonias and other patterns of fibrosis that did not fall into a recognized category of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Granulomatous pathology was identified in 4 (10.81%) patients. On chest X-ray/CT scan chest, majority of lung lesions presented as diffuse and patchy opacities with honeycombing and bronchiectasis. Cigarette smoking was associated with 4 lung lesions. Histopathologic classification plays an important role in separating variable forms of non-neoplastic lung lesions & further subcategorising idiopathic interstitial pneumonia into clinically meaningful categories have important differences in natural history, prognosis, and treatment

Candesartan, rather than losartan, improves motor dysfunction in thioacetamide-induced chronic liver failure in rats

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is more common than the acute syndrome. Losartan, the first angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB), and candesartan, another widely-used ARB, have protected against developing fibrogenesis, but there is no clear data about their curative antifibrotic effects. The current study was designed to examine their effects in an already-established model of hepatic fibrosis and also their effects on the associated motor dysfunction. Low-grade chronic liver failure (CLF) was induced in 3-month old Sprague-Dawley male rats using thioacetamide (TAA, 50 mg·kg−1·day−1) intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. The TAA-CLF rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8) treated orally for 14 days (mg·kg−1·day−1) as follows: TAA (distilled water), losartan (5 and 10 mg/kg), and candesartan (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg). Rats were tested for rotarod and open-field tests. Serum and hepatic biochemical markers, and hepatic histopathological changes were evaluated by H&E and Masson's staining. The TAA-CLF rats showed significant increases of hepatic malondialdehyde, hepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and serum ammonia, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde levels as well as significant decreases of hepatic and serum glutathione levels. All treatments significantly reversed these changes. The histopathological changes were moderate in losartan-5 and candesartan-0.1 groups and mild in losartan-10 and candesartan-0.3 groups. Only candesartan significantly improved TAA-induced motor dysfunction. In conclusion, therapeutic antifibrotic effects of losartan and candesartan in thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats are possibly through angiotensin-II receptor blocking, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Improved motor dysfunction by candesartan could be attributed to better brain penetration and slower "off-rate" from angiotensin-II receptors. Clinical trials are recommended.